Seng JS, Lopez WD, Sperlich M, Hamama L, Meldrum CDR, Marginalized identities, discrimination burden, and mental health: Empirical exploration of an interpersonal-level approach to modeling intersectionality, 2012, Social Science and Medicine, Vol:75, p. 2437-2445.

The strategies to study inequalities quantitatively have largely focused on modeling demographic characteristics as proxies for structural inequality. The objective of this paper was to extend these methodological efforts by modeling intersectionality across three levels: structural, contextual, and interpersonal, consistent with a social-ecological framework. Using secondary analysis of a database, the authors operationalized structural, contextual and interpersonal variables and modeled for outcome variables of post traumatic stress disorder symptoms and quality of life index score. The results provide valuable guidance to instrument development to improve statistical modeling of intersectionality.